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Joseph Swan
Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, D.Sc.h.c., FRS (31 October 1828 – 27 May 1914) was a British physicist and chemist. He is most famous for inventing the first incandescent light bulb.
Swan first demonstrated the light bulb at a lecture in Newcastle upon Tyne on 18 December 1878, but he did not receive a patent until 27 November 1880 (patent No. 4933) after improvement to the original lamp. His house (in Gateshead, England) was the first in the world to be lit by lightbulb, and the world's first electric-light illumination in a public building was for a lecture Swan gave in 1880. In 1881, the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London, was lit by Swan incandescent lightbulbs, the first theatre and the first public building in the world to be lit entirely by electricity.〔"The Savoy Theatre", ''The Times'', 3 October 1881〕
In 1904 Swan was knighted by King Edward VII, awarded the Royal Society's Hughes Medal, and was made an honorary member of the Pharmaceutical Society. He had already received the highest decoration in France, the Légion d'honneur, when he visited an international exhibition in Paris in 1881. The exhibition included exhibits of his inventions, and the city was lit with electric light, thanks to Swan's invention.
==Early life==
Joseph Wilson Swan was born in 1828 at Pallion Hall in Pallion in the Parish of Bishopwearmouth, near Sunderland. His parents were John Swan and Isabella Cameron.〔Davidson, Michael W. and The Florida State University. "Molecular expressionsTM. (Science, optics and you. Pioneers in optics. Joseph Swan (1828–1914) )." Last modification 26 February 2004. Retrieved 16 November 2009〕 He was said to have had an enquiring mind even as a child. He augmented his education with a fascination of his surroundings, the industry of the area and reading. He attended lectures at the Sunderland Atheneum.〔http://www.kstc.co.uk/josephswan/home.html〕 He later became a partner in Mawson's, a firm of manufacturing chemists in Newcastle upon Tyne, started by John Mawson (9 Sep 1819 – 17 December 1867) the husband of his sister, Elizabeth Swan (22 Nov 1822 – 2 August 1905). This company existed as ''Mawson, Swan and Morgan'' until 1973, formerly located on Grey Street in Newcastle upon Tyne near Grey's Monument. The premises are now owned by the Swedish fashion retailer H&M and can be identified by a line of Victorian-style electric street lamps in front of the store on Grey Street. Swan lived at Underhill, a large house on Kells Lane North, Low Fell, Gateshead, where he conducted most of his experiments in the large conservatory.〔Newton, Douglas (1978) (New Scientist, 26 October 1978 ) Retrieved 30 December 2010〕 The house was later converted into a private fee paying, grant aided co-educational grammar school named Beaconsfield School.〔(Electrical times, Volume 145 ) p. 220. Retrieved 30 December 2010〕 Here, students could still find examples of Swan's original electrical fittings.〔
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